The Broadened Notion of Gender and the Possibilities It Implies in Winterson’s Sexing the Cherry - Literature Essay Samples

Jeanette Winterson’s 1989 novel Sexing the Cherry, through postmodern elements of experimentation of literary forms and untraditional narrative structure as well as featuring elements of magic realism subverts the established notions regarding gender as well as sexuality. This subversion from the prevailing ideas of gender does not just happen in a role reversal manner, but also asserts to broaden the spectrum of gender itself, whilst drawing close attention to the formulation of the conventional gender identities (and gender binarism) and at the same time, demolishing them. The long-established gender identities are perturbed through various characters and methods, such as through Dog-Woman, the motif of grafting and the provocation of a dilemma in Jordan of his gender. It is to be noted that Winterson reverses the gender specific expectation by shifting the focus on the â€Å"selves† of these characters rather than their roles, and thus normalizes the unconventional roles that they play. In the words of Gilbert and Gubar, â€Å"The woman who speaks out is branded as an active monster.† Winterson adheres to this definition when she pens the character of the Dog-Woman, and in doing so, she challenges the repressive patriarchy, which deliberately denies women the execution of an aspect of the self, outside the predesigned gender role. Winterson uses and challenges this orthodoxy of definitions and their normalcy by normalizing the unconventional idea of freedom and agency in choosing one’s own identity in the novel. This agency is not just bestowed to the Dog-Woman, but also the twelve dancing princess, Jordan and exhibited with the idea of grafting. As depicted by Winterson, the Dog-Woman is an almost monstrous and hideous woman, who considers profanity decorative, one that even Winterson describes as â€Å"The only woman in English fiction confident enough to use filth as a fashion accessory.† This description undermines the notion of femininity. Even Elizabeth Langland argues that â€Å"women’s bodies are at once a site for inscription of conventional meaning and also a locus for their disruption. The very materiality of body is vividly depicted in the huge bulk of Dog Woman her representation reinvents the female body as a site for cultural transformation.† The female narrator also takes over the agency of the novel, which conflicts with the idea of a Medieval Woman as she refuses to be the representation or mockery of men, but all the more upholding certain features as the talkative and sexually aggressive woman. She remains anatomically and biologically a female, and even goes to the length of acquiring some lady like manner whilst meeting Tradescant, but this doesn’t obliterate how she single handedly takes down a dozen of men who come to forfeit her house, or kill and gouge out eyes and teeth of the people who are against the king. This authenticates that she is ready to transgress from the definition of a woman in a patriarchal society, and become an agent of her own life, standing up for what she believes in, even if it means to go to the length of violence. What is to be kept in mind is the normalization of the gruesome language used by Dog-Woman and her violent ways. This alludes to the fact that Winterson writes familiar into the strange, as this normalization of violence has an uneasiness surrounding it, one which won’t entail had the same action been taken by a male protagonist and would be, perhaps dubbed heroic. This doubled edged design seems almost intentional to challenge the normativity of gender binarism. Her violence against Firebrace and Scroggs brings her closer to a warrior than to a delicate woman and the imagery of dismemberment and necrophilia points to the type of woman that men fear. As Toril Moi puts it: â€Å"The monster woman is the woman who refuses to be selfless, acts on her own initiative, who has a story to tell—in short, a woman who rejects the submissive role patriarchy has reserved for her† (57). It is not due to happenstance, therefore, that the men who the Dog-Woman kills are Puritans, â€Å"a community linked to repression, conventionalism, asceticism and the condemnation of the worldly, of the flesh.† Dog-Woman rebels against patriarchy f irst by using bodily force, by reversing the natural balance according to which man is more powerful than woman and secondly, by choosing not to censor or euphemize the horrid aspects of bodily functions that she witnesses. Dog-Woman is as â€Å"masculine† as she is a â€Å"female†. This idea of double identity encapsulates that of a grafted cherry. The gender doesn’t remain one but becomes a â€Å"self† rather than a â€Å"role†. Grafting hands over this agency (of choosing the gender) to the self. This is what Winterson supports. She is in favor of the agency of the self to espouse to one gender or the possibility of many of them, in accordance with the decision of the self. Winterson describes that hybridization doesn’t lead one to be sex less but encompasses all that one could be. This is exemplified skillfully in the character of Jordan. Jordan breaks down all sorts of barriers, between the sexes, between the ages, and between reality and lie. When explaining grafting Jordan says, that it is â€Å"the means whereby a plant, perhaps tender or uncertain, is fused into a hardier member of its strain, and so the two take advantage of each other and produce a third kind† This grafting carries a metaphorical significance for Jordan as he later on says, â€Å"What I would like is to have some of Tradescant grafter on to me so that I could be a hero like him. He will flourish in any climate, pack his ships with precious things and be welcomed with the full honours when the King is restored.† Jordan’s writing is charged with a dilemma and pervaded with a poetical virtuosity that is often equated with the spoken language of womankind. Even though there is the evidence of his discourses being marked by the qualities of femininity, this instance demonstrates Jordan’s performance of male values. Here h e is in pursuit of, â€Å"the colonial male dream of conquering other spaces and he incorporates the stereotypes of travelling, fighting, searching for love in the model of the male hero†. Here, ironically, the Dog-Woman reflects the ideology of a patriarchy which doesn’t accept this new gendered species, and says that â€Å"such things had no gender and were a confusion to themselves.† This connotes the reaction that is witnessed against bisexuality and even gender fluidity. The transgression of gender stereotypes and the open embrace of bisexuality is only ascribed to Jordan; Dog-Woman remains a conservative being who sticks to clear-cut distinctions and the cast-iron certainties of matter. From this we infer that Sexing the Cherry reverts the traditional assumptions of women’s language as sentimental and men’s language as clear, scientific, pragmatic. Dog-Woman’s discourse becomes highly-unfeminine in its emphasis on grotesque details of the body; its monstrosity resides in its capacity to speak out, to refuse the passivity that society assigns to women. Winterson, while showcasing the need for grafting emphasizes on the possibility of more than two genders and it is Jordan, who through his preoccupation with grafting and crossdressing, rejects and blurs the clear distinctions between the sexes. His search is not so much for the missing dancer, Fortunata, but for the fantasy of androgyny, symbolized by the very metaphor of grafting in the title. This fantasy of androgyny is brought about Jordan in many instances, such as â€Å"The inward life tells us we are multiple, not single†. Winterson also suggests experimentation with different gender identities in the case of Jordan. He doesn’t want to be confined to just one thing, for example he questions the notion of identity when asking â€Å"I’ve heard people say we are shaped by our childhood. But which one?† or when he desperately tries to fit into his biologically given role, â€Å"I want to be like other men†. It is to be kept in mind that Jordan w ants to pursue a â€Å"self† or a â€Å"role† unknown (or unnatural) to him, whilst not losing who he is; he doesn’t want to not delve into the questions and philosophy that he does, he doesn’t want to not go on adventures of fantasy and meet people who don’t exist, he just wants to explore the opposite of this role as well. He is also very aware of how he isn’t like other men (or how Dog-Woman doesn’t adhere to the conventional role of a woman). An interesting example of this is showcased when Jordan seems to be aware that the Dog-Woman is the one between them who takes on the role of a protector when it is supposed to be him. This acceptance doesn’t bring about resentment in him; instead he embraces all that he is. What he wants is to transgress the boundaries set for him. He wants to be all that he is and more. Judith Butler asserts that â€Å"gender identity is a matter of ‘performativity’ and we see how the novel destabilizes the notions of gender identity by exposing how these are mere cultural constructs and not something which is natural and inherent. The Dog Woman is very much a woman and a mother but doesn’t conform to behavioral norms, notions of motherhood, femininity as laid down by patriarchy whilst Jordan’s discourse, is permeated by multiplicity regarding reality, sexuality, history, and challenges phallocentric unity. In the feminization of Jordan and the empowerment of Dog-Woman, Winterson explores the notions of gender identities and its various possibilities, by rewriting and reassigning gender roles and shifting the focus on the â€Å"self†, more than on the â€Å"role†. WORKS CITED Winterson, Jeanette. Sexing the Cherry. New York. Vintage. 1987 Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York. Routledge. 1990 Doan, Laura. â€Å"Jeanette Winterson’s Sexing the Postmodern† in The Lesbian Postmodern. Columbia University Press. 1994 Langland, Elizabeth. â€Å"Sexing the Text: Narrative Drag as Feminist Poetics and Politics in Jeanette Winterson’s Sexing the Cherry.† Narrative 5.1. 1997. 99-107. Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London and New York: Routledge, 2002

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 760 Words

An emotion experienced by every human being is fear. Angst changes a person’s behavior, mind state, and actions. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the boys are guided by fear. They do not unite together to overcome fearful situations and let their own worst impulses dominate. To begin with, Simon speculates that the beast is only the boys themselves. There is an idea of evil being on the island, however, it is only their fear taking over. Simon states, â€Å"There isn’t anyone to help you. Only me. And I’m the Beast. . . . Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! . . . You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are the way they are?† (Salinger 143). In other words, Simon believes that the beast is inside the and he has to go tell everyone what he knows. Simon was on his own and was facing the fear of the beast all by himself. The others did not help him, he goes alone. The Lord of the Flies identified itself as the beast; the thing everyone on the island was frightened of. The littluns were horrified of the beast, Simon tried to convey to the rest that that the evil and savagery is inside them. However, the boys were guided by the fear of the beast. They mistake Simon for the beast and kill him. The boys were not thinking clearly before they murdered Simon. The boys were guided by the fear inside of them; they did not think before they killed one of their own. Therefore, humans are guided byShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1263 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Lord of the Flies William Golding, the author of Lord of The Flies, included adults for only a brief time throughout the novel, playing only a minor role at the end. 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Small Business - 962 Words

HRM case study Beachside Hotel Human Capital Dilemma Questions: 1. What system should Brian implement in order to start changing the human capital practices in the Beachside Hotel? After studying the case, the general manager of Beachside Hotel Mr. Brian should implement certain systems in the hotel. As the situation is quite complicated, first of all he have to try to analyze what the problem is. Because there is no problem with the account and finance department. According to my case analysis there is problem with the human resource department. And I think there is mistake done by the Hotel. Ms. Mary who cannot even handle serving guests at the front desk is promoted to human resource department. And she has been working there since†¦show more content†¦Hotel is a place where the staffs or the employees have to face many customers and visitors. So, politeness, good behavior are the key words in these kinds of organization. But in the Beachside hotel it’s different. Bad behavior with the customers and employees as well, delay in the works e.t.c prevails in the hotel. So, Mr. Brian should learn something from Mr. Joe, the general manager of sunr ise hotel, that is, the area around the hotel especially tourist areas are very important so they should be preserved well. And employees in the organization are assets to the organization. So, he needs to encourage and develop the capabilities of his staffs. For this he should provide development programs designed to give everyone information, that will help them do their job better and stick to the organization for their own security and benefits. So, there should be certain plans, policies, rules and regulations in the organization to maintain smooth operation. To encourage the able employees and threat the incapable employees according to the situation. As Mr. Joe does in his hotel. And general manager needs to be flexible as Joe is. He should be dynamic and friendly to all and a team player. 3. 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Competitive Strategy Big or Middle or Small Companies

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategyfor Big or Middle or Small Companies. Answer: Strategy The meaning of the term Strategy is most importantly needed to understand by the researchers and marketers of any company. There are several big or middle or small companies whose basic strategy is to sell their products to their customers at minimum cost. By the help of a strategy, the managers of a company can able to set or plan the requirement of the company and their customers. However, the strategy of a company is not only an approach or method to improve the organizational process but also it can able to describe the companys goal. The most important objective of a strategy is to help the company to achieve their fundamental goals for competing within the market. Actually, from the art of the war of SUNTZU, the idea of making a strategy has come. From the war art of SUNTZU, it can be said that losing is a bad strategy and winning is a good strategy (Dekker, 2013). A good strategy always helps a company to reflect their desired outcomes in a considerable way through which a com pany can able to gain benefits in future and also can able to evaluate that the marketing plan gives profit for the long run or short run. The strategy also helps a company by differentiating the similar products within the market. The company should need impression, sensation, reliability, consistency and a good level of satisfaction within their clients and customers for preparing an effective strategy for the company (Liu, 2009). During the time when the marketers or the researchers of a company prepare a strategy then they need a great brand image of that particular company to make the strategy successful. The brand image of any company actually helps that particular company to maintain their reputation or goodwill within the market and also helps them to gain the trust and belief of their customers about their goods and performance. According to the given research study, the researchers can able to understand the application of strategy within an organization by the help of the strategy which is put into practice in IKEA organization. This organization runs a business of contemporary furniture. The main strategy of the IKEA organization is to sell domestic furniture at minimum cost (Zenger and Stinnett, 2010). They basically want to sell their products at minimum cost into their showrooms for just receiving their desired orders at the high level. Instead of this strategy the IKEA organization also has an effective marketing strategy which helps the organization to develop and gain more success in the future. The main objective of the company to implement an effective strategy into their company is that they can able to provide a better quality of services and furniture products to their customers to grab the entire target segment within the market. The IKEA organization also prepares some other strategies throug h which they can able to sell their products which are designed uniquely and also able to develop the design of Scandinavian. The IKEA organization have several issues regarding the complexity of the furniture design, the service quality towards their customers and the products which are sold by them within the market. Henry Mintzberg helps the IKEA organization to understand the main differences between the intended strategy, realized strategy and emergency strategy. Business Model Innovation In the recent days, innovative works became the latest trend for continuous growth within the organization. This innovative works also helps the organization to sustain within the market for long-term. In the recent days, innovation in manufacturing a product becomes an essential aspect for the company to survive within the market. Generally, innovation means a new idea or perspective about the service and the products which are launched throughout the global market, which has the ability to appeal and attract the customers from different segments of the market. Actually, these innovative ideas help the organization to reduce their production cost and also can able to get a large number of customers. For example, Apple Inc. is a mobile company which can able to made mobile phones with innovative ideas, innovative features, and innovative designs. For this reason, they can able to increase their number of customers almost double. They can also able to increase their stock level into t he stock market. By implementing peer innovation within their products the Apple Inc Company can able to mount up the level of global customers without reducing the cost of the mobile phones (Bonavina, 2012). Dell is a manufacturing company of laptops, personal computers, etc. They have manufactured an awesome product by implementing innovation within it. They named this product as built order processes; by the help of which several companies can able to reduce the cost of operation and also incurred the other costs to show the profit levels of a company within their annual financial reports. By introducing innovative products both of these two companies can able to change the traditional trend to make the products according to the choice of the customers (Lee, 2010). There are three points which help to determine the types of innovation 1) the idea must be unique and nobody can able to think like that before, 2) the size of success depends on the size of resource so the innovation must be a superior knowledge of technology in respective fields and 3) innovation can able to keep the superior companies away from the market periphery. Nowadays the companies incorporate various marketing strategies to transform themselves into big companies. For example, Nokia Company does not change themselves according to the new market trend whereas Samsung Company changes themselves according to the new market trend and can able to grab a large number of customers within the market (Dekker, 2013). The business which is depending on innovation always keeps their focus on implementation, integration, ideation and initiation of the idea. Therefore, the concepts of Innovation in the business model needs to be identified as to provide the desired elevation in the significant growth of the firms. References Bonavina, L. (2012).Innovation in esophageal surgery. Milan: Springer. Dekker, E. (2013).World of Warcraft gold strategy guide. Birmingham: Packt Pub. Driving the economy through innovation and entrepreneurship. (2013). New Delhi: Springer. Jordan, J. (2012).Information, Technology, and Innovation. Hoboken: Wiley. Lee, G. (2010).Business process management of Japanese and Korean companies. New Jersey: World Scientific. Liu, L. (2009).Emerging nanotechnology power. New Jersey: World Scientific. Rud, O. (2009).Business intelligence success factors. Hoboken, NJ: Joh Wiley Sons. Zenger, J., and Stinnett, K. (2010).The extraordinary coach. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Marijuana Effects Essays - Medicinal Plants, Cannabis Smoking

Marijuana Effects Marijuana is a mood altering or psychoactive drug that has many nicknames, such as pot, weed, ganja, sensi, herb, and others. It is an ancient drug that dates back to hundreds of years to Asia. Many cultures have used it during meditation, religious worship, and for intoxication. Marijuana itself comes from the Indian Hemp plant. It is the third most widely used drug in the United States, according to a survey taken in 1988, and it is the number one illegally used drug in the United States. Marijuana is so popular that an estimated one out of every three people in the US have tried it and around 44% of US high school students have smoked it. Marijuana users are not easily detectable, nor is the drug just used in one area of society. The Indian Hemp plant is found all over the world, including the US. There are three different types of Indian Hemp. They are Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Rudderalis. These three plants vary in size and mood altering effect. The hemp plant has many uses and has been farmed for centuries. Marijuana can be taken in three ways, by eating, made into a tea, or smoking (the most popular). Smoking it can be done three ways, through a pipe, a joint, blunt. A joint is a rolled piece of paper that is twisted at the ends. A blunt is normally an emptied cigar wrapper filled with marijuana. In a blunt you can fit much more marijuana. Though a blunt isn't always purely marijuana, it can be mixed with other drugs such as angel dust. The results are varied when someone smokes marijuana. Different people will get different results, and certain types of cannabis can cause different effects. The amount of THC (marijuana's main Active chemical) may also change the result. If alcohol, or other drug use is occurring while smoking marijuana, the effect could be different. A first time marijuana smoker will probably feel no effect. A chronic or heavy user will get a high (intoxication). When a person is high, normal sights, sounds, tastes, or events can seem very funny or interesting. When intoxicated, time seems to pass a lot slower. To the user, minutes will seem like hours. The intoxicated person may get very thirsty or hungry, a common effect called, " the munchies." A few minutes after the person inhales they will probably get a dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, decreased reaction time, and also a loss of coordination. The blood vessels in the user's eyes will probably enlarge, giving the person a blood shot appearance. Within 2 to 3 hours the effects will die down and the person will feel sleepy. How is marijuana harmful? There are many ways that marijuana can harm the body, both the immediate effect and long term effects. It often disables the users short-term memory and may cause trouble with challenging tasks. Even very simple tasks can become a struggle for someone who is high. A student that is under the influence of marijuana may find it hard to learn or concentrate. A persons timing and coordination are normally delayed by marijuana. As a result the person will be very confused and useless. The effect marijuana can have on the brain and central nervous system are very serious. Smoking marijuana will reduce the strength and speed of communications between the mind and body. This occurs in the brain and muscles, causing the user to not be as focused. Short-term marijuana use leads to a drowsiness and relaxing effect. This is why marijuana users have trouble remembering things. A heavy dose of marijuana can decrease the amount of blood pumped into the brain. Marijuana effects the brain's control over muscles also. Heavy usage of marijuana can have a lasting effect on the users short- term memory. The blood flow to the back of the brain is greater than the front, after smoking. This is believed to cause the high sensation the user is after. The short-term effect of marijuana will increase blood pressure and pulse rate up to 16 points above normal. It will also slow down the digestive processing of food. People who smoke marijuana often will

Mary Shelleys Cloning essays

Mary Shelley's Cloning essays If we look at Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, cloning and the moral issues surrounding it become prevalent. The creature in the novel was in essence and by definition a human clone. The real monster in the story, though, was doctor Frankenstein himself. He attempts to do humanity a service by searching for a way to cheat death and perpetuate life. In doing so, the doctor creates a being that ironically takes life away. Shelleys position on cloning is that the possible benefits are not positive enough to overcome the bad and, thus, that cloning is negative in practice. Her opinion is only one out of many. There are a great many positives that cold also come out of cloning as well. A clone is a replication of an individual in a select species that is created asexually. The first question you have to answer when dealing with human cloning is What is a human? To be human and have the characteristics of the species are the ultimate goals for a clone. A human being is a creature who thinks on a higher level than other animals. The thing that separates us as humans from other animals is the ability to reason. The capacity to learn and differentiate between any number of things and analyze that same information is a defining characteristic of reasoning. If a clone is created asexually, the question that stems from this creation becomes, Is this thing human? Although on a much higher level of thought than animals, people still have instinctual reactions toward everything. Mankind is afraid of the things it does not know. Being that we do not know what exactly a clone will be in our society or if it will be the same as the rest of us, it is understandable that people, with this innate feeling of anxiety, fear clones. This feeling could explain our continual search for all the answers to the questions of life, philosophy, and the arts. We also get a sense that we as humans nee...

Critically evaluate english's law's approach to the issue of marriages Outline

Critically evaluate english's law's approach to the issue of marriages between persons of the same sex - Outline Example ship in UK, civil union and registered partnership between same sex couple was legalized under the Civil Partnership Act of 2004 (Legislation.gov.uk a). The number of same sex couples has been constantly increasing. Since same sex couples are legally allowed to enter into Civil Partnership agreement, the number of same sex couples registered under Civil Partnerships reached up to 6,281 couples (3,227 gay couples and 3,054 lesbian couples) (Office for National Statistics). Although Civil Partnership in UK provides same sex couples with almost the same privilege and rights of marriage, there are still some differences between Civil Partnerships and marriage. Specifically in Civil Partnerships, the concept of adultery was removed as a ground for Civil Partnership dissolution (Barker; Barker). This is true since adultery in the legal definition can take place only to heterosexual couples (Bindmans Civil Partnership). In the case of marriage, adultery is a major offense which is legally acknowledged as a ground for marriage dissolution (ibid). Unlike in marriage, the ground of non-consummation for nullity is not applicable in Civil Partnership making Civil Partnership as good as a legal status instead of a family relationship (Barker; Cretney). For this reason, Civil Partnership can be used by friends for tax haven purposes. Since Civil Partnerships is still not recognized by the UK government as marriage, a lot of opposing parties argue that Civil Partnership violates the Equality Act 2010 and some Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights (Bamforth; Government Equalities Office). The case of Wilkinson v Kitzinger [2006]1 is a good example wherein the same sex couples are fighting for the idea that same sex couples should not be excluded in the institution of marriage because of public discrimination particularly in workplace (Bell). Although Wilkinson and Kitzinger were legally married in Canada, their married was considered void in UK because of the